The standard of full protection and security is one of the basic principles of investment protection applicable to investor-State arbitrations. Its content, scope of application and the sanctioned behaviors of host States of investment can be diverse. Doctrinal Definition of the Standard of Full Protection and Security According to doctrine, the standard of full protection […]
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Appellate Mechanisms for ISDS: Inconsistency & Unpredictability of Arbitration Awards
Investor-State Dispute Settlement (“ISDS”) has been criticized for the lack of an appellate mechanism and the inconsistency and unpredictability of certain arbitration awards that are rendered. Opponents of ISDS claim that, as decisions that may ultimately affect public interests are at stake, it is undesirable that wrong decisions taken by arbitral tribunals cannot be appealed. […]
Investor-State Arbitration: Who Qualifies as a Foreign Investor?
The simplest investment protections to understand, as well as the widest, are usually provided in Bilateral Investment Treaties (“BIT’s”). Protection via BIT’s is not granted to every foreign entity that is impacted by the measures of a host State of investment, however. In order to enjoy protection under BIT’s, business actors must qualify as investors […]
Correction of Arbitration Awards
Correction of arbitration awards is one of the post-award remedies intended to rectify any errors, ambiguities or omissions in the arbitral tribunal’s award after its issuance. It frequently occurs in practice that arbitral awards contain certain minor, or sometimes, more significant, mistakes, ambiguities or omissions. While these errors usually concern minor and incidental issues, certain […]
Summary Determinations in International Arbitration
A Summary Determination Procedure in international arbitration, also known as an Early Determination Procedure or Expeditious Determination or Early Dismissal of Claims and Defences, is the determination of points of law or fact by the arbitral tribunal at an early stage of the arbitral proceedings. A request for such a summary determination is often made […]
SIAC Arbitration Costs
When initiating a SIAC arbitration, some of the basic questions most claimants ask are how much a SIAC arbitration costs, when payments are due and whether the costs can be recovered from the opposing party. What Are the Heads of Costs in a SIAC Arbitration? The costs of an arbitration are usually divided into four main groups: (i) fees and costs of […]
International Construction Arbitration
International construction arbitration is a private dispute resolution method for resolving international construction disputes. International construction disputes, as defined by the International Chamber of Commerce (the “ICC“) Commission on International Arbitrations are “all kinds of disputes arising out of projects for construction work, but mainly those relating to the execution of the services (e.g. engineering services) […]
Valuation Date of Expropriated Investment in Investor-State Arbitration
The valuation date of an expropriated investment represents a crucial factor in assessing the amount of compensation to be paid in investor-State arbitrations, as the value of investments may change dramatically over the course of time. Arbitral tribunals are keenly aware that the value of investments change over time. For example, the Iran-US Claims Tribunal […]
The Salini Test in ICSID Arbitration
Article 25(1) of the ICSID Convention states that “[t]he jurisdiction of the Centre shall extend to any legal dispute arising directly out of an investment”. The manner in which tribunals have applied this provision has gradually evolved and has been subject to considerable debate. The Salini Test has been at the heart of this debate. […]
