The Energy Charter Treaty (“ECT”), available here, is a multilateral agreement. It was signed in December 1994 and entered into force on 16 April 1998. It created a multilateral framework for energy long-term cooperation between its members. The Energy Charter Treaty is preceded by the European Energy Charter adopted in December 1991, under which signatories […]
Bifurcation in Investment Arbitration
In investment arbitration, it is rather common for arbitral tribunals to deal with preliminary issues prior to any consideration of the merits of a case. In such scenarios, the main question is whether to asses these issues together with other matters to be ruled upon in the final award or to deal with them in […]
Third-Party Funding under ICSID Amendments: Balance Between States’ and Investors’ Interests
Over the past decade, the use of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (“ISDS”) mechanisms to challenge public policies has been a topic of attention and pressure from Non-Governmental Organizations and States to reform ISDS has increased.[1] This has led to proposals for amendment of the ICSID Rules. Working Paper #3, containing the latest proposals, may be found […]
How to Reduce the Overall Cost of Investment Treaty Arbitration to Less than USD 1 Million
Investment treaty arbitration has various flaws, but one flaw that is acknowledged by both foreign investors and States who use the dispute resolution system is that, in practice, it can be incredibly expensive. The costs of investment treaty arbitration can be unbearable for certain States, who have far better uses for public funds, and they […]
محكمة لندن للتحكيم الدولي
تأسست محكمة لندن للتحكيم الدولي في عام1892 فهي تعد أقدم مؤسسات التحكيم في العالم.[1] دور محكمة لندن للتحكيم الدولي محكمة لندن للتحكيم الدولي “المحكمة” تعد واحدة من المؤسسات الدولية الرائدة في العالم لحل النزاعات التجارية.[2] مثل غيرها من مؤسسات التحكيم الدولية ، توفر المحكمة خدمات شاملة لتسوية المنازعات الدولية وذلك وفقا للقواعد الخاصة بها الصادرة […]