The main issue related to enforcement of an arbitral award against a State in the United States is the State’s sovereign immunity. Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (“FSIA”), foreign sovereigns enjoy immunity from jurisdiction, a presumptive immunity from suit in U.S. federal and state courts, and immunity from execution, whereby their property is immune […]
El arbitraje en España
En España, la ley que regula el arbitraje es la Ley 60/2003, de 23 de diciembre, de Arbitraje, la cual entró en vigor en 2004. Esta ley representa un paso adelante en el desarrollo del sistema de arbitraje como método para resolver disputas sobre contratos comerciales. La Ley de Arbitraje se basa en la Ley Modelo […]
CIADI
El Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones es la institución líder en la resolución de controversias nacidas entre inversionistas y estados ya que los Estados lo han acordado así en la mayoría de los tratados internaciones de inversión o en contratos o en su legislación. Se trata de un proceso de arreglo […]
Compensation for Violations of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard
Whereas nearly all modern international investment agreements prohibit unjust and inequitable treatment, they provide little guidance as to how the damages due to the injured investor are to be assessed. As the fair and equitable treatment (“FET“) standard itself is relatively imprecise and very much dependent on the specific circumstances of the individual case, tribunals […]
International Investment Arbitration and EU Law: A Comparison of Protections Provided to Foreign Investors and Suggested Solutions to Reconcile Both Legal Orders
In the context of mistrust towards international investment arbitration, overlap is taking place between two legal orders that tended to ignore each other in the past, international investment arbitration and EU law, creating friction between the two legal communities. These frictions materialized in the judgment of the CJEU in Slovak Republic v. Achmea (“Achmea“), the […]