The main issue related to enforcement of an arbitral award against a State in the United States is the State’s sovereign immunity. Under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (“FSIA”), foreign sovereigns enjoy immunity from jurisdiction, a presumptive immunity from suit in U.S. federal and state courts, and immunity from execution, whereby their property is immune […]
Investment Arbitration
El arbitraje en España
En España, la ley que regula el arbitraje es la Ley 60/2003, de 23 de diciembre, de Arbitraje, la cual entró en vigor en 2004. Esta ley representa un paso adelante en el desarrollo del sistema de arbitraje como método para resolver disputas sobre contratos comerciales. La Ley de Arbitraje se basa en la Ley Modelo […]
CIADI
El Centro Internacional de Arreglo de Diferencias Relativas a Inversiones es la institución líder en la resolución de controversias nacidas entre inversionistas y estados ya que los Estados lo han acordado así en la mayoría de los tratados internaciones de inversión o en contratos o en su legislación. Se trata de un proceso de arreglo […]
Compensation for Violations of the Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard
Whereas nearly all modern international investment agreements prohibit unjust and inequitable treatment, they provide little guidance as to how the damages due to the injured investor are to be assessed. As the fair and equitable treatment (“FET“) standard itself is relatively imprecise and very much dependent on the specific circumstances of the individual case, tribunals […]
International Investment Arbitration and EU Law: A Comparison of Protections Provided to Foreign Investors and Suggested Solutions to Reconcile Both Legal Orders
In the context of mistrust towards international investment arbitration, overlap is taking place between two legal orders that tended to ignore each other in the past, international investment arbitration and EU law, creating friction between the two legal communities. These frictions materialized in the judgment of the CJEU in Slovak Republic v. Achmea (“Achmea“), the […]
Discriminatory, Unreasonable and/or Arbitrary Measures in Investment Arbitration
The prohibition of discriminatory, unreasonable and/or arbitrary measures affecting investors’ investments normally figures among the protection standards provided by bilateral or multilateral investment treaties. Although it is considered as an independent basis for a finding of State responsibility, some arbitral tribunals have considered that the standard of protection against arbitrariness or discrimination is closely linked […]
Intra-EU Investment Arbitration: Impact of EU Member States’ Declarations in the Wake of Achmea
In Achmea,[1] the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) was asked to assess the compatibility of the dispute resolution clause contained in the Netherlands-Slovak Republic BIT with EU law. In March 2018, the CJEU held that the clause was incompatible based on the threat posed to the constitutional structure and autonomy of the […]
Инвестиционные споры с участием России
Несомненно, самыми известными инвестиционными спорами с участием России являются дела бывших акционеров ЮКОСа, рассмотренные арбитражем ad hoc при Постоянной палате третейского суда в Гааге.[1] Сейчас они находятся на рассмотрении Апелляционного суда Гааги и остаются одной из главных тем для обсуждения в арбитражной среде. При этом другие акционеры компании продолжают разбирательства в рамках так называемой “второй […]
Time Limitations and Stale Claims in Investment Arbitration
Investment arbitration sometimes deals with legal issues that are particularly well-rooted in national laws, whereas their application at the international level is less evident. One of these issues revolves around the concept of time limitations. In fact, host States of investment might build their defence based on this concept, arguing that investors’ claims are stale, […]
